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Research Article
Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Serum Biomarkers CA 125 and CA 19-9 in Ovarian Cancer
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
1-6
Received:
21 December 2024
Accepted:
3 January 2025
Published:
21 January 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijcocr.20251001.11
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Abstract: Background: Ovarian cancer is a significant cause of gynecological cancer-related mortality, with early diagnosis being critical for better outcomes. Serum biomarkers CA 125 and CA 19-9 are widely studied for their diagnostic and prognostic significance in ovarian cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 80 ovarian cancer patients from January to December 2018 at BSMMU, Dhaka. Data included socio-demographic profiles, serum levels of CA 125 and CA 19-9 and their correlation with cancer stage and histological subtypes. Diagnostic performance metrics of CA 125 for advanced stages (III/IV) were also evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. Results: The mean serum CA 125 level was 350.54 ± 120.35 IU/mL, with 85% of cases showing elevated levels. CA 125 levels increased significantly with cancer stage (Stage I: 151 ± 50 IU/mL, Stage IV: 950 ± 305 IU/mL, *p* < 0.001). The mean serum CA 19-9 level was 90.42 ± 45.59 IU/mL, elevated in 40% of cases, with higher levels observed in mucinous subtypes. CA 125 demonstrated high sensitivity (82%) and specificity (75%) for detecting advanced stages. Conclusion: Serum CA 125 is a reliable biomarker for staging and diagnosing advanced ovarian cancer, with CA 19-9 providing additional insights into histological subtypes. These findings reinforce the clinical utility of these biomarkers in managing ovarian cancer.
Abstract: Background: Ovarian cancer is a significant cause of gynecological cancer-related mortality, with early diagnosis being critical for better outcomes. Serum biomarkers CA 125 and CA 19-9 are widely studied for their diagnostic and prognostic significance in ovarian cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 80 ovarian cancer patients from ...
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Research Article
Impact of Preoperative Systemic Inflammation Score on Key Prognostic Risk Factors in Early Cervical Cancer
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
7-13
Received:
23 December 2024
Accepted:
6 January 2025
Published:
23 January 2025
Abstract: Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in women across the world. Treatment decisions for early cervical cancer are guided by prognostic risk factors including tumor size, LVSI, depth of stromal invasion and nodal involvement. Systemic inflammation score (SIS) is a novel prognostic biomarker which is potential for different types of malignancies. But its role in early stage cervical cancer is unexplored. This study evaluate the impact of SIS on prognostic risk factors for early stage cervical cancer. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Gynecological Oncology, BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2022 to June 2023. A total of 90 women with IA-IIA clinical stage cervical cancer are included in this study. SIS was categorized into 3 categories (0, 1, 2) and calculated. Chi-square tests and ANOVA were used to analyze associations between SIS and clinicopathologic parameters. Results: SIS was greatly correlated with adverse prognostic features. In 73.7% of patients tumors were >2 cm in patients with SIS 2 compared to 54.5% with SIS 1 and 18.4% with SIS 0 (p<0.001). SIS 2 was present in 92.3% of patients with positive LVSI and in 7.7% (p=0.006) of patients with SIS 0. Higher SIS levels were also associated with increased deepth of stromal invasion and pelvic lymph node metastases. Conclusion: SIS is associated with adverse prognostic factors in early stage cervical cancer. These results may help improve personalized treatment and outcomes through incorporation of SIS into risk assessment models.
Abstract: Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in women across the world. Treatment decisions for early cervical cancer are guided by prognostic risk factors including tumor size, LVSI, depth of stromal invasion and nodal involvement. Systemic inflammation score (SIS) is a novel prognostic biomarker which is potential for differen...
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Research Article
Comparative Study Between 17 Gy in 2 Fractions and 36 Gy in 12 Fractions Radiotherapy to Primary Site for Palliation of Symptoms in Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Saiful Alam*,
Md. Golam Zel Asmaul Husna,
Shahida Alam,
M Nizamul Haque,
Muhammad Abdullah-Al-Noman
,
Shuvra Debnath,
Tanin Sultana,
Md. Rakibul Islam Masud,
Altaf Hossain,
Tasneem Hossain,
Tasnim Mahmud
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
14-26
Received:
8 January 2025
Accepted:
19 February 2025
Published:
6 March 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijcocr.20251001.13
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Abstract: Background: Half of NSCLC patients present with stage IV disease where a cure is not possible. The use of a hypofractionated RT schedule has economic and logistic advantages for Radiation Oncology departments and a higher degree of patient convenience than conventional fractionation. Objective: To evaluate outcomes between 17 Gy in 2 fractions and 36 Gy in 12 fractions RT regarding relief of thoracic symptoms in IV NSCLC patients. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was done at the Radiation Oncology Department, NICRH from July, 2022 to June, 2023. A total of sixty (60) study participants were assigned into two groups, 30 in each arm. Arm-A received 17 Gy in 2 fractions, 1 week apart and Arm-B received 36 Gy RT in 12 fractions in two and half weeks. Result: About 68.33% of participants were between 40 to 60 years. In Arm-A, among 30 participants there were 22 (73.3%) male and 8 (26.7%) female. In Arm-A, 26 (86.7%) participants were in stage IVA and 4 (13.3%) were in stage IVB, and in Arm-B 28 (93.3%) participants were in stage IVA and 2 (6.7%) were in stage IVB. The response was evaluated in both arms. In Arm-A, 10 (33.3%) participants showed partial response (PR) and 11 (36.7%) participants showed partial response (PR) in Arm-B. According to ECOG-PS, In Arm-A, among 2 participants with PS ECOG -0, 1 participant developed a partial response and the other one had a stable disease. Conclusion: Hypofractionated RT with 17 Gy in 2 fractions renders similar symptom relief with minimum toxicities compared with 36 Gy in 12 fractions RT to a primary lesion in stage IV NSCLC.
Abstract: Background: Half of NSCLC patients present with stage IV disease where a cure is not possible. The use of a hypofractionated RT schedule has economic and logistic advantages for Radiation Oncology departments and a higher degree of patient convenience than conventional fractionation. Objective: To evaluate outcomes between 17 Gy in 2 fractions and ...
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Research Article
Cytotoxic Agents Can Cure Cancer, but Can Also Kill Cancer Patients
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
27-35
Received:
5 February 2025
Accepted:
17 February 2025
Published:
7 March 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijcocr.20251001.14
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Abstract: The objective of this article is to rectify cytotoxic cancer therapies which are inadequate to cause escalating cancer mortality, and to promote cell differentiation agent (CDA) formulations as perfect cancer drugs to reduce cancer mortality. Cancer mortality is the ultimate judgment of the success of cancer therapy. Cancer mortality keeps on increasing, which is an indication that cancer therapies currently in practice are apparently wrong. To effectively solve cancer, we must find out how the problem of cancer evolves. Cancer evolves due to wound unhealing because of the collapse of chemo-surveillance, which is the nature’s creation of allosteric regulation on abnormal methylation enzymes (MEs) to ensure perfection of wound healing. Progenitor stem cells (PSCs) are the cells involved in wound healing. The inability to heal wound allows PSCs to evolve into CSCs and then to progress to faster growing cancer cells (CCs). Solution of CSCs is essential to achieve life time remission. CSCs are protected by drug resistance, anti-apoptosis and DNA repair mechanisms. Thus, CSCs are unresponsive to cytotoxic therapies. Cytotoxic therapies must rely on the restoration of chemo-surveillance to subdue surviving CSCs to achieve cancer therapy. Only early stage cancer patients whose chemo-surveillance have not yet been fatally damaged can benefit from cytotoxic therapies. CDA formulations are the best drugs for the elimination of CSCs, which can come to the rescue of advanced cancer patients whose chemo-surveillance have been fatally damaged. The approval of CDA formulations is blocked by cancer establishments because these drugs cannot make tumor to disappear. The requirement of tumor shrinkage must be removed for the approval of CDA formulations to save advanced cancer patients.
Abstract: The objective of this article is to rectify cytotoxic cancer therapies which are inadequate to cause escalating cancer mortality, and to promote cell differentiation agent (CDA) formulations as perfect cancer drugs to reduce cancer mortality. Cancer mortality is the ultimate judgment of the success of cancer therapy. Cancer mortality keeps on incre...
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