BRAFV600E Mutation in Gliomas in Iraqi Patients Immunohistochemical Study
Zahraa Marwan Shaban,
Salim Rashid Al-Aubaidy
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2017
Pages:
123-128
Received:
11 October 2017
Accepted:
27 October 2017
Published:
3 December 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijcocr.20170206.11
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Abstract: Gliomas considered the most common primary malignant brain tumors in adults. BRAFV600E mutation occurs more in pediatric gliomas but less frequent in adult gliomas. This study aims to assess the frequency of BRAF mutation in Iraqi patients with gliomas by immunohistochemical study and to correlate its immunoreactivity with some clinicopathological parameters This work did on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tumor tissue took from 66 patients with different grades of intracranial gliomas of both gender and all age groups in the Baghdad city. Ten normal brain tissue samples in form of paraffin blocks took from forensic medicine unit. New technique used, that was manual tissue microarray, in which twenty-four small cores (each measure 2mm) of represented tissue make, and then cut by microtome. Immunohistochemical detection of BRAFV600E antibody did by Dako autostainer link 48. BRAFV600E expressed as cytoplasmic staining in seven (10.60%) cases of glioma. It detected in pleomorphic xanthastrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, anaplastic oligoastrocytoma and primary glioblastoma (100%, 9.1% 8.6%, 20.0%, 25% and 6.7%). It had a strong association with pediatric gliomas. From the work concluded that BRAFV600E mutation occurred in low percentage in gliomas especially adult types and significantly express in pediatric gliomas and some rare glial tumors.
Abstract: Gliomas considered the most common primary malignant brain tumors in adults. BRAFV600E mutation occurs more in pediatric gliomas but less frequent in adult gliomas. This study aims to assess the frequency of BRAF mutation in Iraqi patients with gliomas by immunohistochemical study and to correlate its immunoreactivity with some clinicopathological ...
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Testing Treatment Effect in Randomized Clinical Trials with Possible Non-proportional Hazards
Belay Belete Anjullo,
Roel Braekers
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2017
Pages:
129-140
Received:
23 July 2017
Accepted:
26 October 2017
Published:
8 December 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijcocr.20170206.12
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Abstract: Many randomized clinical trials include right censored time to event data, comparing an experimental treatment with a standard treatment or placebo control. In this comparison, one tests whether the two treatments have the same survival function or equivalently the same hazard function over a given time period in order to evaluate effect of treatment. The methodological development of survival analysis for randomized clinical trials with right-censored data that have had the most profound impact are the log-rank test for comparing the equality of two or more survival distributions, and the Cox proportional hazards model for examining the covariate(s) effects on the hazard function. However, when comparing treatments in terms of their time to event distribution, there may be reason to believe that the hazard curves will cross, and in such cases standard comparison techniques could lead to misleading results [16]. Hence, in this study, the performance of new methods for testing treatment effect on randomized clinical trials when the proportional hazards assumption is not satisfied was evaluated based on simulation studies and on two real datasets. New proposed methods are based on combination of early/late treatment effects obtained from stopped/left truncated Cox or equivalently from extended Cox and the overall treatment effect from Cox proportional hazards model. These methods were compared with Cox proportional hazards model [8], pseudo values regression approach based on mean restricted survival time [1, 13] and extended Cox for the time dependent treatment effect [20]. Type I error rate and power of the proposed tests were illustrated based on simulated data under five possible treatment effect. The results of simulations and real data examples on cancer clinical trials showed that the new proposed methods performed reasonably well in case of crossing survival curves compared to Cox proportional hazards model and pseudo values regression approach based on restricted mean survival time. However, they performed about the same compared to extended Cox model. Furthermore, they performed about the same compared to Cox proportional hazards model and extended Cox under the late treatment effect. Using the proposed methods under proportional hazards alternative did not generally yield dramatic decrease in power compared to the Cox model and they allow adjusting for covariate(s).
Abstract: Many randomized clinical trials include right censored time to event data, comparing an experimental treatment with a standard treatment or placebo control. In this comparison, one tests whether the two treatments have the same survival function or equivalently the same hazard function over a given time period in order to evaluate effect of treatme...
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Breast Cancer: Clinical and Pathological Study at Lubumbashi and Kinshasa University Hospitals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 2014 to 2015
Nday Guy,
Kabamba Michel,
Mukalay Abdon,
Tshilombo François,
Odimba Etienne,
Lebwaz Bienvenu,
Kalenga Prospère,
Ilunga Julien
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2017
Pages:
141-148
Received:
27 August 2017
Accepted:
21 September 2017
Published:
3 January 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijcocr.20170206.13
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Abstract: Often tumors in the African setting are described aggressive with high grading status. There is no national cancer registry nor suitable data on breast cancer in DRC. Better knowledge of this entity can improve its management. To demonstrate the clinical and pathological profile of breast cancer in Kinshasa and Lubumbashi (DR Congo). Cross-sectional study of 86 patients were included for clinical and pathological in the Cities of Lubumbashi and Kinshasa from 2014-2016. All cases were women with histological invasive breast carcinoma. Parameters studied were: age of patients at diagnosis, morphological type [33], grade [23] of tumor, tumor necrosis and Nottingham score. Statistical analysis used SPSS program and Pearson Khi-square test. From January 2014 to September 2016, 86 cases were reviewed. The average age of patients at diagnosis was 47.8 ± 12.1 years. In 74% of cases, patients were presented at stage T3 or T4. The average size of tumors was 6.6 ± 2.7 cm. Invasive Ductular carcinoma was found in 97.2% of cases. Grade 3 tumors were found in 54.7% and grade 1 in 4.7%. Tumor necrosis was present in 30.2% of biopsies. The Nottingham score higher than 5.4 was found in 62.8%. All the patients were treated by supra-radical mastectomy. Lymph nodes were numbered in each case. Prognosis of breast cancers is poor in Lubumbashi and Kinshasa University Hospitals for tumors are diagnosed later. To improve breast cancer management, tumor must be diagnosed earlier. Perception of this pathology and its correct assessment are important for better taking care in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Abstract: Often tumors in the African setting are described aggressive with high grading status. There is no national cancer registry nor suitable data on breast cancer in DRC. Better knowledge of this entity can improve its management. To demonstrate the clinical and pathological profile of breast cancer in Kinshasa and Lubumbashi (DR Congo). Cross-sectiona...
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